Introduction to architectural design: first term experience of architectural design education

Ponencia presentada a Session 3: Educación y arquitectura en las universidades / Architectural education in the universitie

Sabırsız Müsteriler için Çok Servis Birimli Kuyruk Sistemlerinde Maliyet Fonksiyonu Tahmini ve Süpermarket Üzerine Uygulama

Queue forms when the demand exceeds the supply for a system. It is faced with the customers who leave without waiting or who wait a little bit because of longevity of the queue. The system that takes into account this type of customers is called "Multiserver Queueing Systems for Impatient Customers". In this paper, it is investigated multiserver queueing systems with impatient customers by the two queue models M/M/c+M and M/M/c+D on supermarket. The first aim of the study is to identifiy the relationship between different patience times and cost functions of the two models. The second aim is to investigate effects of patience time's distributions on cost function and optimal number of servers. This study is the preliminary on the queueing systems's investigations in literature of Turkey. Consequently, it was developed the significance of the patience times in order to find performance measures of the multiserver queueing systems with impatient customers. The results were confirmed with an application by using MATHEMATICA 5.0 for observed real data. Bir servis için sınırlı arzın, fazla talebin sözkonusu olması kuyruklara neden olur. Kuyruk uzun olduğu zaman, hiç beklemeden veya bir süre bekleyip servisin yavaslığından sıkılarak kuyruktan ayrılan müsterilerle karsılasılır. Bu tür müsterileri dikkate alan sisteme "Sabırsız Müsteriler için Çok Servis Birimli Kuyruk Sistemi" adı verilir. Bu makalede, sabırsız müsterili çok servis birimli kuyruk sistemleri M/M/c+M ve M/M/c+D modelleri ile bir süpermarket üzerinde incelenmistir. Bu çalısma boyunca, bu iki modelin sahip olduğu farklı sabırlılık süreleri ile maliyet fonksiyonu arasındaki iliskinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıstır. Daha sonraki diğer bir amaç ise sabırlılık süresi dağılımlarının maliyet fonksiyonu ve en uygun servis birimi sayısı üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Bu çalısma Türkiye literatüründe kuyruk sistemleri üzerine yapılan arastırmalar içinde bir ilki temsil etmektedir. Sonuç olarak, Sabırsız müsterili çok kanallı kuyruk modellerinin performans ölçülerini bulmak için sabırlılık süresinin önemi ortaya çıkarılmıstır. Gözlenen gerçek veriler için MATHEMATICA 5.0 yazılımı kullanılarak yapılan bir uygulama ile bulduğumuz sonuçlar desteklenmisti

The Effects of Irisin on N?-Nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester Hydrochloride-Induced Hypertension in Rats

Background: The cause of about 95% of hypertension, an important public health problem, is unknown. Intensive studies are underway to understand the physiopathology of hypertension. Irisin, a newly discovered hormone, has been reported to dilate vascular smooth muscle and lower blood pressure acutely. Aims: To investigate the effects of chronic irisin treatment on blood pressure and renal functions in a hypertension model established by nitric oxide synthase inhibition by treatment with N?-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride. Study Design: Animal experimentation. Methods: Male Sprague?Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n=8). Control and irisin groups received an intravenous saline injection, hypertension and hypertension + irisin (hypertension + irisin) groups received 1.5 mg/100 g N?-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride. N?-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (150 mg/L) was added to the drinking water of rats in groups hypertension and hypertension + irisin for three weeks. In the second week of the experiment, irisin (50 nmol/day) was given to rats in groups irisin and hypertension + irisin, and saline was administered to rats in groups control and hypertension for two weeks through subcutaneously placed osmotic minipumps. Blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff plethysmography method. On the twenty-first day of the experiment, 24-hour urine, blood, and both kidneys of the rats were collected. Results: The hypertension group had elevated systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure values compared with the control group, with decreased glutathione levels in tissue and serum, but an increase in serum oxidized glutathione level (p<0.05). Histopathologically, increased tubular injury, cast formation, glomerular sclerosis, and peritubular fibrosis levels were observed (p<0.05). Irisin treatment did not cause any significant change in blood pressure, renal functions, and injury scores. However, renal nitric oxide levels significantly increased, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity was determined to be reduced (p<0.05). Conclusion: Treatment with chronic irisin at a physiological dose does not reduce blood pressure in an experimental model of hypertension. In different models of experimental hypertension, the effects of irisin administration at different doses and at different periods should be thoroughly investigated

Some quality characteristics of selected durum wheat (Triticum durum) landraces

Durum wheat (Triticum durum) is primarily used for the production of high-quality pasta products because of its certain superior characteristics. Wheat landraces are locally adapted diverse populations evolved through natural selection and are invaluable genetic resources for breeding programs. The search for new genetic resources all around the world has been underway to develop high-quality durum wheats. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the pasta quality-associated characteristics of 12 durum wheat landraces (Bağacak, Beyaziye, İskenderiye, Sorgül, Karakılçık, Beyaz Buğday, Ağ Buğdayı, Bintepe, Havrani, Çalıbasan, Hacı Halil, and Akçakale) compared to 2 wellestablished high-quality durum wheat cultivars, Kyle and Zenit. Protein content and quality, pigment content, activities of oxidative enzymes (lipoxygenase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase), kernel size, and endosperm vitreousness were measured as the major quality parameters. The landraces had significant differences (P < 0.05) in their quality characteristics. Of the landraces, Akçakale, Havrani, and Çalıbasan were found to be quite promising for the processing of so-called al dente cooking pasta products, as judged by their elevated protein quantity and gluten quality. With respect to pigment content and oxidative enzymes that are central to the bright yellow color of pasta products, however, the landraces Havrani, Hacı Halil, and Sorgül were found to have great potential. In brief, several landraces have potential for high-quality pasta processing, while a few others can be used for breeding purposes

Kronik hepatit B enfeksiyonunda interferon tedavisinin etkinliği

TEZ2390Tez (Uzmanlık) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 1998.Kaynakça (s. 61-67) var.v, 67 s. ; 30 cm.

Changes in Antibiotic Susceptibilities of the Most Frequently Used Empirical Therapies for Nosocomial Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Over Time

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the resistance of Escherichia coli isolates to the most frequently used antibiotics in empirical therapy of urinary tract infections. Materials and Methods: E. coli species were isolated from urine samples using standard isolation and identification procedures between January 2006-December 2008. The antibiotic susceptibilities were determined by disk diffusion tests according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. The most frequently used antibiotics for empirical therapy -ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, amikacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and nitrofurantoin- were investigated for susceptibility and resistance patterns. Results: Five hundred ninety-eight E. coli isolates were investigated in this study. The resistance rates to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone were found to increase when compared to 2006 (p= 0.007, p= 0.002 and p< 0.001, p= 0.014, respectively), while increases in the resistance to the other antibiotics were not significant. E. coli isolates were mostly sensitive to amikacin, followed by nitrofurantoin. Conclusion: Each institution should assess resistance profiles with respect to the frequently isolated microorganisms at the related center

Combination of Opportunistic Infections in a Case of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculopathy

Cytomegalovirus infections are asymptomatic when they appear in childhood and adolescence. However, cytomegalovirus causes severe infections in immuno-suppressed patients. The virus may lead to primary infections or it may result in secondary infections in the form of reactivation or reinfection when the immune system is suppressed since it may be latent in various parts of the body. Leishmaniasis is transmitted by phlebotomuses and caused by Leishmania, an intracellular protozoon. In visceral leishmaniasis, protozoons caught by macrophages are kept in the reticuloendothelial system. Patients develop hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia due to bone marrow involvement. The disease has a poor outlook in immuno-suppressed individuals and patients receiving immuno-suppressive treatment. Leishmaniasis is endemic in Aegean and Mediterranean regions of Turkey, but sporadic in other regions. A rare case of cytomegolovirus infection accompanied by kala-azar development during treatment with steroids for chronic inflammatory demyelineating polyradiculopathy is reported